Introduction to Quantitative Methods

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<< Chapter 15

Sampling Theory : Chapter 16

SUMMARY: Sampling theory is a study of relationships existing between a population and samples drawn from the population. This chapter discusses enumeration methods like complete enumeration and sampling methods.

There are several techniques that can be used to obtain a representative Sample. There are two methods of selecting samples from the universe - they are (i) Non random or judgment sampling and, (ii) Random or probability sampling. This chapter has discussed random sampling methods like: simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling and cluster sampling. Some non-random sampling methods like: judgment sampling, convenience sampling and sequential sampling are also discussed.

This chapter also explains various sampling and non

sampling errors and an important statistical concept of the central limit theorem. Finally, we look at how estimates are made to determine unknown population parameters which are essential for decision making. Due to the uncertain nature of sampling, exact determination of unknown population parameters is impossible. But using point and interval estimates, a fairly accurate picture can be made about the value and the range of the unknown parameters.